The research by green supplier Ecotricity says that an energy shortage predicted last month by UK regulator Ofgem could become reality unless energy companies invest in renewables.
Using , Ecotricity found that none of the UK's main power companies has invested the minimum calculated to meet the government's target of generating 15% of energy from renewables by 2020.
Scottish Power came closest to the minimum, at £25.70, while EDF and Eon each spent less than £5 per customer.
Ecotricity's findings follow a major report last month from Ofgem, in which the regulator said investment of up to to prevent energy shortages in the UK.
Dale Vince, founder of Ecotricity, said: "New sources of renewables are essential for us to solve the twin problems Britain faces: the need to tackle climate change and the need to secure energy independence for Britain. Even Ofgem has now highlighted this as a major problem."